Before 的用法 (一)

Before 可當介系詞、副詞和連接詞用。在進入主題之前,必須再次強調一點:在寫作中,我們經常會用到 as mentioned above (如上所述,如上面所提及的)、as noted above (如上面所指出的)、as demonstrated above (如上所示)、as shown above (如上所示) 和 as stated above (如上所述,如前所述) 等片語來表示上文、上面或之前所提到的事物,但在這些片語中,不可使用 before 來代替 above。例如:

  • As stated above, there is no shortcut for learning English grammar. (如上所述,學習英文文法沒有捷徑) (正)
    As stated before, there is no shortcut for learning English grammar. (誤)
  • As noted above, the government lacks efficiency. (如上面所指出的,這個政府缺乏效率) (正)
    As noted before, the government lacks efficiency. (誤)

Before 用作介系詞時意為「在…之前 (earlier than);在…前面 (in front of)」,其後最常接名詞片語來表示在 (某個時間點、事件或行動) 之前、在 (某地點) 前面、在 (某人或某物) 面前、(在列表或一系列物件中) 在…之前。例如:

  • I regularly go for a run before breakfast. (我經常在早餐前跑步)
  • She got there before me. (她比我先到那裡)
  • Turn right about a kilometer before the railway station. (在火車站前約一公里處右轉)
  • A few miles before the border the refugees were stopped at an army checkpoint. (難民在距離邊界數英里的一個軍事檢查哨被攔了下來)
  • Before the library stood a bronze statue of Chiang Kai-shek. (圖書館前矗立一尊蔣介石銅像)
  • John stood up before all his colleagues and asked Mary to marry him. (約翰在所有同事面前站起來向瑪麗求婚)
  • The letter U comes before V in the English alphabet. (在英文字母表中,U 排在 V 前面)
  • His name comes before mine on the list. (名單上他的名字排在我的前面)

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Opposite 還是 in front of 呢?

Opposite 用作介系詞時意為「與某人/某物相對;在某人/某物的對面」,而介系詞片語 in front of 意為「在某人/某物的前面」。例如:

  • The bank is opposite the post office. (銀行在郵局的對面) (正)
    The bank is in front of the post office. (誤) - 除非兩棟建築的位置是一前一後。
  • They sat opposite each other. (他們面對面坐著) (正)
    They sat in front of each other. (誤)
  • Jack sat opposite Monica in the restaurant. (傑克和莫妮卡在餐廳裡面對面坐著) (正) - 傑克和莫妮卡坐在同一張餐桌的不同邊,面對面。
    Jack sat in front of Monica in the restaurant. (傑克在餐廳裡坐在莫妮卡的前面) (正) - 傑克和莫妮卡坐在不同的餐桌,傑克坐在莫妮卡的前面。
  • The bus stops right opposite my house. (公車都停在我家的對面) (正)
    The bus stops right in front of my house. (公車都停在我家的前面) (正)
  • We parked opposite the restaurant. (我們把車子停在餐廳的對面) (正)
    We parked in front of the restaurant. (我們把車子停在餐廳的前面) (正)
  • A crowd gathered opposite the movie theater. (電影院對面圍了一大群人) (正)
    A crowd gathered in front of the movie theater. (電影院前圍了一大群人) (正)
  • The car in front of me stopped suddenly and I had to brake. (我前面那輛車突然停住,我只好煞車) (正) - 我的車開在那輛車的後面。
    The car opposite me stopped suddenly and I had to brake. (誤)
  • I keep my girlfriend’s photos in front of me on the desk. (我把女友的照片放在書桌上,擺在我的面前) (正)
    I keep my girlfriend’s photos opposite me on the desk. (誤)
  • There was a man in front of me in the queue for tickets who was as bald as a coot. (排隊買票時,站在我前面的是個童山濯濯的男子) (正)
    There was a man opposite me in the queue for tickets who was as bald as a coot. (誤)