盡量不要將介系詞放在句末

事實上,這並不是規則,但許多人認為是,所以我們應儘量避免這種情況的發生。不過,若改寫句子後,反而使句子變得不自然,治絲益棼,那麼就讓介系詞留在句末吧!例如:

  • That is a situation Ted has not thought of. (那是泰德沒有想到的情況) (誤) - of 為介系詞,應避免出現在句末,因為介詞應位在名詞或代名詞之前。
  • Mary is a person her husband cannot cope with. (瑪麗是個她先生無法應付的人) (誤) - with 為介系詞,應避免出現在句末。
  • It is behavior anyone will not put up with. (那是任何人都無法容忍的行為) (誤) - 同樣地,with 為介系詞,應避免出現在句末。

閱讀全文

He just looks so put together

乍看之下,標題是個錯誤的句子,因為它將 look 和 put 這兩個動詞放在同一句。To put together 是個及物的片語動詞,意為「組合,組裝,裝配,拼湊;組織 (隊伍或團體)」,受詞可放在 put 或 together 後面,亦即 put 和 together 是可以分開的,如 Tom helped me put the computer together yesterday. (湯姆昨天幫我組裝電腦);I put together the desk I bought at Ikea. (我組裝了在 Ikea 購買的書桌);A team of professionals have been put together to solve the thorny problem. (一個專業人士小組已組織起來解決這個棘手問題)。

然而,He just looks so put together. 是個完全正確的句子,而且在口語中用得頗為頻繁。既然如此,那麼文法上唯一講得通的是 put together 當形容詞用。雖然所有字典,無論是一般字典或是成語、片語或俚語字典,都查不到 put together 當形容詞的用法,但網路上卻有不少相關的例句。Put together 當形容詞用時,意為「一表人才的;儀表堂堂的;相貌出眾的」,尤指穿著得體、很有品味的人,如標題這一句的意思是「他好帥哦!」。再舉一例:John is just so put together. What a handsome man! (約翰太帥了。真是個大帥哥!)。

Put together 也可用在女性身上,當然了,意思就變成「美若天仙的;花容月貌的;如花似玉的」,如 The actress looks so put together and fashionable. (那位女星看起來好美好時髦哦!);Mary is just so put together. What a beautiful woman! (瑪麗太美了。真是個大美女!)。

睡懶覺

英文:sleep in (v.)

說明:這個片語動詞就是表示「晚起床」的意思。

例句:

  • Let’s sleep in tomorrow morning – we won’t have another chance for weeks. (明天早上我們就睡懶覺吧 - 我們將有好幾個禮拜不會再有這樣的機會)
  • The whole family sleeps in on Sundays. (全家人星期天都睡懶覺)

「宅」在家裡的英文怎麼説?

在「字字斟酌」的 Co-op vs. co-opt 一文中,筆者提到 co-op 這個字加連字號的原因之一,在於防止與 coop 混淆,後者意為「(關家禽或小動物的) 籠子,欄舍」。這裡所說的「籠子,欄舍」是 coop 當名詞用的意思;事實上,coop 還可當動詞用,且往往與 up 連用,意為「禁錮 (人或動物)」,如 They cooped the dog up in a tiny room. (他們把狗關在一個小房間);He was cooped up in a basement. (他被關在一處地下室)。

然而,coop up 這個片語動詞除了上述的表面意思外,還可用於非身體遭到禁錮,而是別人的要求、外在因素使然、甚至是個人自己的意願而 (被) 困在某個地方或場所的比喻用法,意為「困 (在家裡、宿舍、辦公室或其他地方)」,即時下流行的「宅」的意思,如 The fresh air must feel very good if you have been cooped up in the house for a long time. (如果你宅在家裡很久,呼吸新鮮空氣的感覺一定非常棒);My girlfriend has been cooped up in her apartment for three days now! (我女友已宅在家裡三天了!);I’ve been cooped up in this office all day. (我已困在這間辦公室一整天了)。

zero out; zip by; zip it; zoom off

zero * out +
降至零,取消,移除
The entry was zeroed out of the database.

zip by +
快速通過
The motorcycle zipped by the cars stuck in the traffic jam.

zip it
保持安靜;保持沈默;不發一語
Professor Smith told Mary to zip it, so she said nothing.

zoom off
快速前往某地
Randy rushed out of the building and zoomed off in his car.

本文亦刊載在下列網址:
http://htmfiles.englishhome.org/phrasalverbs/phrasalverbs-z.htm

whip into; word up; work over; work through; wrap around/round

whip into +
快速進入
Tom whipped into the convenience store for a packet of cigarettes.

word * up +
給某人資訊、意見等
The lawyer worded her client up before the police interview, so they go very little out of him.

work * over
毆打
The gangsters worked Jack over and robbed him.

work * over
重複,重做
Sam worked it over until he had got it right.

work * over +
仔細地檢查、審視、檢視
The new company worked over the market looking for bargains.

work through +
(透過思考和交談來) 處理、解決、化解或消除 (問題 - 通常指情緒方面的問題)
It took Cindy a long time to work through her anger after she lost her job.

wrap * around/round
用…包/裹/圍
Molly wrapped a scarf around her head because it was so cold.
Luke wrapped his arms around his girlfriend.
I wrapped the cloth round my fingers to keep warm.

本文亦刊載在下列網址:
http://htmfiles.englishhome.org/phrasalverbs/phrasalverbs-w.htm

well up; wheel around/round; wheel out

well up
(液體、眼淚) 流出,湧出
Mary felt tears welling up when she heard the news.
Tears welled up when I heard a good friend of mine had died.

well up
(強烈情緒或感受) 湧起
Anger welled up inside me when I saw what they had done.

wheel around/round
(站著時) 快速轉身
Tina wheeled around and smiled at me.
When Kent heard the whistle, he wheedled round to see what was happening.

wheel * out +
提出,推出 (以前使用過多次的解釋、理由或藉口等,因此已沒有公信力或影響力)
Tony wheeled out the same old excuse last time this happened.
They were always wheeling out their similar arguments. (他們老是舊調重彈)

本文亦刊載在下列網址:
http://htmfiles.englishhome.org/phrasalverbs/phrasalverbs-w.htm

weigh down on; weigh in; weigh in on; weigh in with; weigh on; weigh out; weigh up

weigh down on +
使感到責任、工作或負擔沈重
The requirements of Amy’s new job weighted down on her.

weigh in
(旅行出發前) 稱 (行李) 重量;(拳擊、賽馬等比賽前) 稱體重
Brown weighed in at 120 kilos.

weigh in on +
加入爭論或參與討論來對某事發表意見等
Mary weighted in on their immigration policies.

weigh in with +
加入爭論或參與討論來發表意見等
Tony disliked the plan and weighed in with some heavy criticism.

weigh on +
困擾;使煩惱
The decision to study abroad has been weighing heavily on Monica’s mind.

weigh * out +
準確稱出
Could you weigh out 2 kilograms of the fruit for me?

weigh * up +
評估;盤算;權衡;(在做出決定前) 仔細考慮某事
The board of directors weighed the pros and cons up carefully before deciding.

本文亦刊載在下列網址:
http://htmfiles.englishhome.org/phrasalverbs/phrasalverbs-w.htm

wave aside; wave down; wave off; wave on

wave * aside +
對…置之不理
He waved aside my objections and carried on with the plan.

wave * down
揮手示意 (車輛) 停下來
Jack waved the van down and got a lift after the accident.

wave * off
揮手向 (某人) 告別
John waved his girlfriend off at the station.

wave * on
揮手示意繼續向前走
The accident was bad, but the police waved us on.

本文亦刊載在下列網址:
http://htmfiles.englishhome.org/phrasalverbs/phrasalverbs-w.htm