在英文中，我們可以用代名詞 that 和 this 來指前面整個句子所表達的意思。例如：
- Peter was killed in the helicopter crash yesterday. That shocked all of us. (彼得昨天在直昇機墜機中喪生。這讓我們皆感震驚)
－ 句中 that 是指 “Peter was killed in the helicopter crash yesterday.” 這整句。 - The coffee machine is out of order. This is too bad. (咖啡機壞了。這太糟了)
－ 句中 this 是指 “The coffee machine is out of order.” 這整句。