So 和 not 與 expect, guess, hope, suppose, think 等動詞連用

我們可以在一些動詞的後面使用 so 來避免重複受詞子句,尤其是在簡答。這些動詞中最常用的是 appear, assume, be afraid, believe, expect, guess, hope, imagine, presume, reckon, seem, suppose 和 think。例如:

  • Denise thinks iPhone 7 is too expensive, and Diana thinks so too. (丹妮絲認為 iPhone 7 太貴,而戴安娜也認為是這樣) - 原句為 … and Diana thinks iPhone 7 is expensive.。
  • A: Do I have to finish writing my composition by Saturday? (A:我一定要在週六之前寫好我的作文嗎?)
    B: I’m afraid so. (B:恐怕是的) - 原句為 I’m afraid you have to finish writing your composition ….。
  • A: D’you think Mary will get married to you someday? (A:你認為瑪麗將來有一天會嫁給你嗎?)
    B: I hope so. (B:希望如此) - 原句為 I hope Mary will get married to me someday.。
  • A: He must have missed the train. (A:他必定是沒趕上這班火車)
    B: Yes, I suppose so. (B:是的,我猜想是這樣) - 原句為 I suppose he must have missed the train.。

我們可以在 be afraid, guess, hope 和 suppose 的後面使用 not 來避免重複否定的受詞子句。例如:

  • A: Did you pass your exam? (你考試過關了嗎?)
    B: I’m afraid not. (B:恐怕沒有) - 原句為 I’m afraid I didn’t pass my exam.。
  • A: Will you be coming tomorrow? (A:你明天會來嗎?)
    B: I guess not. (B:我想不會) - 原句為 I guess I won’t be coming tomorrow.。
  • Gordon thinks he might fail in physics, but he hopes not. (戈登認為他的物理可能不及格,但他希望不會)

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主詞中含有 or 或 nor 的單複數問題

當主詞是由 or 或 nor 所連接的兩個元素所構成,若這兩個元素都是單數,則主動詞為單數。若其中有個元素為複數,則主動詞變成複數。例如:

  • Taylor or his wife is going to pick up his parents at the airport. (泰勒或者他太太將到機場接他的父母親)
  • The twin brothers or their sister are going to pick up their parents at the airport. (這對雙胞胎兄弟或是他們的姊姊將到機場接他們的父母親)

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複合主詞可用逗點跟主動詞分開

在英文中,主詞跟動詞之間不可用逗點分開,尤其是短句,否則就犯了大錯。例如:

  • John, is such a lazybones. (約翰真是個懶骨頭) (誤) - 主詞 John 跟動詞 is 之間不可有逗點。

即使是不定詞或動名詞片語當句子的主詞,該主詞及其主動詞之間也不可有逗點。例如:

  • To believe in one’s self, is a good thing. (相信自己是件好事) (誤)
  • Believing completely and positively in oneself, is essential for success. (完全且堅決地相信自己,對成功至關重要) (誤)

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