Clench vs. clinch

Clench 的主要意思是「(因生氣或不安而) 抓緊,握緊,咬緊」,如 The boy clenched his father’s hand. (男孩緊緊抓住他父親的手);Bruce clenched his fists in anger. (布魯斯氣得握緊拳頭);The girl clenched her teeth. (那女孩將牙齒咬得嘎嘎作響)。Clench 也可當名詞用,意為「緊抓,緊握,緊咬」。

Clinch 最初的意思是「用 (釘子等) 釘牢而敲彎 (或敲平) 釘頭;用敲彎 (或敲平) 釘頭的方式把 … 釘牢」。這項意思衍生了現今比較常見的意思,即「使得到最後解決;最終達成;敲定」,They clinched their argument yesterday. (他們昨天解決了爭端);The two companies clinched the deal quickly. (這兩家公司很快敲定了協議)。這一意思經常用在運動比賽中,表示球隊或選手最終獲得勝利、贏得冠軍,如 John Cena clinched the victory in the WWE Championship. (約翰‧希納在美國職業摔角錦標賽中獲得冠軍)。

若干字典列出 clench 和 clinch 互為變體 (variant),但這早已是 16 世紀的事了,自那之後即分道揚鑣成為兩個不同的字,可見這兩個字已被搞混了數百年之久。除了上述兩者明顯的意思差異外,clinch 還意為「(拳擊、摔角等選手比賽時或兩人打架時的) 扭抱;(戀人等的) 擁抱」,如 The two wrestlers clinched. (這兩位摔角選手互相扭抱住對方);The couple were locked in a clinch in broad daylight. (那對情侶在光天化日之下緊緊抱在一起)。最後再強調一次,「用釘子釘牢」是 clinch,不是 clench,後者現在可沒這意思。

yuppie food stamp

(名詞) 二十元美鈔。通常用來指從提款機吐出來的二十元美鈔。

  • That guy paid for a pack of chewing gum with a yuppie food stamp! (那傢伙買一包口香糖竟然付了一張二十元美鈔!)
  • Did I leave a yuppie food stamp in your car? (我有掉一張二十元美鈔在你車上嗎?)

反話

英文:backhanded remark (n.)

說明:backhanded 這個形容詞意為「諷刺挖苦的」。除 remark 外,與其固定搭配的名詞還有 compliment。Backhanded compliment (= left-handed compliment) 意為「諷刺挖苦的恭維話」。

例句:

  • Joseph is always making a backhanded remark about my girlfriend. (約瑟夫老是說我女朋友的反話)
  • Sometimes I could hear Arlene making remarks about her English teacher. (有時我可以聽見艾蓮在說她英文老師的反話)
  • I hate to hear anyone paying me a backhanded compliment. (我不喜歡聽到任何人對我說諷刺挖苦的恭維話)

table pizza

(名詞) 多人一起吃的披薩。通常被當作配菜 (side dish)。

  • One pizza’s not going to be enough for me… shall we get a table pizza between us? (一個披薩不夠我吃,我們要不要買個大家一起吃的披薩呢?)

Chafe vs. chaff

Chafe 是個動詞,意為「(使) 擦痛;(使) 擦傷;(使) 擦破」(因摩擦而使身體部位疼痛,發紅,腫脹之意 - 及物和不及物),如 Her new shoes chafed her ankles. (新鞋把她的腳踝磨得紅腫/破皮);The high collar had been chafing against my neck. (高高的領口把我的脖子磨痛了);此外,chafe 亦意為「惱怒,焦躁」(不及物),通常與介系詞 at 或 under 連用,如 Sam was chafed because he was not allowed out. (山姆很惱怒,因為他不許外出);Most students are chafing at/under the new restrictions. (大多數學生都對這些新的限制感到非常惱怒)。

Chaff 主要用作名詞 (它的動詞用法已過時),意為「粗糠;穀物的外殼」、「(作飼料用的) 乾草,草料,秣」及「瑣事;微不足道或沒有甚麼價值的事物」,如 Gary fed chaff to his cattle. (蓋瑞餵他的牛隻吃草料);You had better ignore the picky criticisms because they were just a lot of chaff. (你最好不要理會那些吹毛求疵的批評,因為它們都只是微不足道的小事)。Chaff 經常用於 ” to separate the wheat from the chaff ” 這個比喻性成語中,意為「分清好壞;區分優劣 (to separate the superior from the inferior)」,如 The CEO is in the hope that the new procedure for evaluating employees can separate the wheat from the chaff. (執行長希望新的員工評鑑程序能區分出優劣)。

有潔癖的人

英文:neat freak (n.)

說明:亦可用 clean freak 來表示。「有潔癖的人」在中國大陸叫做「整潔控」。潔癖的英文為 mysophobia。

例句:

  • Holly is such a clean/neat freak! She cleans her house thoroughly every day and also irons all her kids’ clothes. (荷莉真的是個有潔癖的人!她每天會把房子整個打掃一遍,也會把她小孩的衣服全部燙一遍)
  • Most people are not clean/neat freaks. (大多數人都沒有潔癖)